得意英语

32 套真题里整理出来的

作文素材

2011–2026 年的 32 道小作文、32 道大作文,每种信、每一段的思路和句型, 从真题阅读里摘出来的 24 个句型,以及按话题整理的词和词组。

这不是万能模板。

句子里 标红的部分 是例子,必须换成你自己的内容; 每个用途都给了几种说法,挑一种你用得顺的,改成自己的话。整句背下来照抄,和背模板没有区别,阅卷老师一天看几百篇,一眼就认得出来。

01

考过什么

小作文是书信、邮件或通知,一道题通常要求做两件事(比如“介绍 + 邀请”)。下面是每种要求出现的次数,最常考的是建议和介绍,投诉只考过一次。

大作文英语二一直是图表,英语一以前是图画,2024 年起也考图表了。两张表按年份列在下面。

2026

英语一

小 · 回复朋友 Paul:介绍你发布的中国家庭手写家书,并告诉他哪里可以看到展出

大 · 图表 · 消费者对养老机器人的接受度,以及最关注的安全、价格、便利

英语二

小 · 朋友 Jack 分享了全家在中国旅行的视频,写邮件谈感受并表达想了解更多

大 · 图表 · 人们对儿童户外活动作用的看法:满足好奇心、促进观察力、强身健体、增强亲子互动

2025

英语一

小 · 回复同学 Paul:介绍请年轻手艺人来校展示创新手工艺的活动,并告诉他可以帮什么忙

大 · 图表 · 2014–2023 年全国居民每百户空调、洗衣机、电冰箱拥有量

英语二

小 · 筹备根据中国古典名著改编的短剧,写邮件向朋友 John 介绍并邀请他参演

大 · 图表 · 某社区老年人的主要日常休闲活动:看电视、散步、养花、阅读、下棋

2024

英语一

小 · 回复留学生 Paul:他要做关于一位中国古代科学家的口头报告,给他准备建议

大 · 图画+图表 · “家门口新建的小公园真不错”,配某市公园数量 2020–2022 年从 406 座增至 670 座

英语二

小 · 和 Jack 要调查古镇老房子保护,写邮件提出计划并征求意见

大 · 图表 · 某高校劳动实践课学生的主要收获

2023

英语一

小 · 为 Smith 教授的校园体育活动研究项目写招聘通知,写明职责和要求

大 · 图画 · 老两口看龙舟赛:“真好啊,咱们村的龙舟赛越来越热闹了”

英语二

小 · 朋友 David 在艺术展和机器人展之间犹豫,写邮件给出建议和理由

大 · 图表 · 2012–2021 年我国居民健康素养水平

2022

英语一

小 · 邀请英国大学的一位教授组队参加在本校举办的国际创新大赛

大 · 图画 · 校园讲座海报前,一人说“不是我们专业的,听了也没有多大用”,另一人说“去听一下,肯定有好处”

英语二

小 · 筹办校园美食节,写邮件向留学生介绍并邀请参加

大 · 图表 · 2018–2020 年全国和农村快递业务量

2021

英语一

小 · 外国朋友刚毕业想来中国找工作,写邮件给出建议

大 · 图画 · 孩子说同学觉得学唱戏不好玩,父亲说“你自己不是喜欢吗?那就足够了”

英语二

小 · 组织线上会议,写邮件邀请留学生 Jack 参加并说明细节

大 · 图表 · 某市居民体育锻炼的方式:独自、和朋友、和家人、团体活动

2020

英语一

小 · 代表学生会写通知,告知留学生即将举办的歌唱比赛

大 · 图画 · 习惯:一人“尽早完成才放心”,一人“不到最后不动手”

英语二

小 · 带留学生参观历史古迹,写邮件介绍古迹并给出参观提示

大 · 图表 · 某高校学生用手机阅读的目的:学习知识、消磨时间、获取信息

2019

英语一

小 · 回复留学生志愿者的询问,说明“支援乡村小学”项目的细节

大 · 图画 · 途中:爬山时一人说“累了,我不爬了”,另一人说“别急!休息一下再接着爬”

英语二

小 · 为 Smith 教授策划城市交通主题的辩论:建议辩题并说明安排

大 · 图表 · 某高校 2013 和 2018 年本科毕业生去向:就业、升学、创业

2018

英语一

小 · 邀请校内外国专家参加毕业典礼,写明时间地点等信息

大 · 图画 · 选课进行时:“知识新、重创新、有难度”与“给分高、易通过、作业少”

英语二

小 · 取消行程无法拜访 Smith 教授,写邮件道歉、解释并另约时间

大 · 图表 · 消费者选择餐厅时关注的因素:特色、服务、环境、价格

2017

英语一

小 · 给新来的澳大利亚教授写邮件,推荐本市景点并说明理由

大 · 图画 · “有书”与“读书”:书买了很多,读的很少

英语二

小 · 回复 Williams 教授:接受给留学生做中国文化讲座的邀请,并介绍讲座要点

大 · 图表 · 2013–2015 年博物馆数量和参观人数

2016

英语一

小 · 以图书管理员身份写通知,向新来的留学生介绍图书馆

大 · 图画 · 与其只提要求,不如做个榜样:父母要孩子读书,自己却在玩手机

英语二

小 · 翻译比赛获奖,回复朋友 Jack 的祝贺邮件:致谢并给出翻译建议

大 · 图表 · 某高校学生旅游的目的:欣赏风景、缓解压力、广交朋友等

2015

英语一

小 · 主持读书会,写邮件向成员推荐一本书并说明理由

大 · 图画 · 手机时代的聚会:一桌人围着饭菜,各自低头看手机

英语二

小 · 学校为高中生办夏令营,写通知介绍活动并招募志愿者

大 · 图表 · 某市居民春节假期的花销比例:新年礼物、聚会吃饭、交通等

2014

英语一

小 · 给校长写信,建议如何改善学生体质

大 · 图画 · 相携:三十年前母亲牵着女儿,现在女儿搀着年老的母亲

英语二

小 · 出国和当地学生 John 合租,写邮件介绍自己的生活习惯并请教当地生活

大 · 图表 · 1990–2010 年城镇人口与乡村人口的变化

2013

英语一

小 · 邀请外教担任英语演讲比赛评委

大 · 图画 · 一群毕业生面前分出几条路:求职、考研、出国、创业

英语二

小 · 班级为贫困儿童举办义卖,写邮件告知同学细节并鼓励参加

大 · 图表 · 某高校大一到大四学生做兼职的比例

2012

英语一

小 · 以学生会名义给即将到来的留学生写邮件,表示欢迎并对校园生活提建议

大 · 图画 · 瓶子打翻了,一人说“全完了”,另一人说“幸好还剩点儿”

英语二

小 · 网上买的电子词典有问题,给客服写邮件投诉并要求尽快解决

大 · 图表 · 某公司不同年龄段员工的工作满意度

2011

英语一

小 · 给朋友写信,推荐一部你喜欢的电影并说明理由

大 · 图画 · 旅程之“余”:游船驶过,湖面上漂满游客丢下的垃圾

英语二

小 · 表弟/表妹考上大学,写信祝贺并建议如何准备大学生活

大 · 图表 · 2008、2009 年国产、日系、美系轿车的市场份额

02

小作文

格式固定:称呼、三段、结束语、署名(题目要求用 Li Ming 就写 Li Ming)。按考过的次数排,每种都给了思路、每一步的几种说法和词组。 投诉那一节附了一篇范文,示范怎么用三明治写一封不失礼的抱怨信。

建议与推荐

小作文里考得最多的一类。建议信的分数拉不开,差别在于建议是不是具体:说“多参加活动”和说“第一个月就加入一个社团”,阅卷老师一眼能看出谁动了脑子。

考过 13 次,看题目
  • 2011 英语一给朋友写信,推荐一部你喜欢的电影并说明理由
  • 2011 英语二表弟/表妹考上大学,写信祝贺并建议如何准备大学生活
  • 2012 英语一以学生会名义给即将到来的留学生写邮件,表示欢迎并对校园生活提建议
  • 2014 英语一给校长写信,建议如何改善学生体质
  • 2015 英语一主持读书会,写邮件向成员推荐一本书并说明理由
  • 2016 英语二翻译比赛获奖,回复朋友 Jack 的祝贺邮件:致谢并给出翻译建议
  • 2017 英语一给新来的澳大利亚教授写邮件,推荐本市景点并说明理由
  • 2018 英语二取消行程无法拜访 Smith 教授,写邮件道歉、解释并另约时间
  • 2019 英语二为 Smith 教授策划城市交通主题的辩论:建议辩题并说明安排
  • 2020 英语二带留学生参观历史古迹,写邮件介绍古迹并给出参观提示
  • 2021 英语一外国朋友刚毕业想来中国找工作,写邮件给出建议
  • 2023 英语二朋友 David 在艺术展和机器人展之间犹豫,写邮件给出建议和理由
  • 2024 英语一回复留学生 Paul:他要做关于一位中国古代科学家的口头报告,给他准备建议

思路

  1. 第一段:一两句接住对方的处境(你要找工作 / 你要做报告),说明下面给几条建议。
  2. 第二段:两到三条建议,每条都是“建议 + 一个具体做法或理由”。推荐信是“推荐什么 + 两个理由”,理由要具体到对方会在意的地方。
  3. 第三段:希望有帮助,愿意继续帮忙,或者祝对方顺利。

句型

开头:接住对方的问题

  • I'm glad you asked me about preparing for your report — it's something I've thought about myself.
  • Since you're thinking of looking for a job in China, I'd like to share a few suggestions.
  • Thank you for your email. Here are some thoughts on how to get ready for university life.

提建议(别连用三个 should)

  • It might be a good idea to start with a short biography of him.
  • If I were you, I would focus on one invention rather than his whole life.
  • You may want to talk to people who have done the same job.
  • Why not join a club in your first month? It's the quickest way to make friends.
  • One thing I'd strongly recommend is keeping a weekly study plan.

同一封信里换着用。三条建议三个 should,读起来像在列清单。

推荐:推荐什么,为什么

  • If you have only one day, I'd recommend the West Lake, mainly because it shows the city at its most relaxed.
  • What makes this book worth reading is its honest picture of ordinary people's lives.
  • The film is not just entertaining but also makes you think about your own family.
  • The robot show would suit you better, as you've always been curious about how machines work.

给校长、老师提意见:先肯定,再说不足

  • Our university has done a lot to improve students' health, such as opening the gym until 10 p.m.. However, many students still spend most of the day sitting.
  • I fully understand that the sports budget is limited, but a few simple changes could make a big difference.

这就是第 4 章说的三明治:先肯定对方已经做的,再用 however 说出真正的意见。2014 年英语一写给校长的信,直接开口提要求就显得生硬。

结尾

  • I hope these suggestions are of some help. Let me know if there's anything else I can do.
  • Good luck with the report — I'm sure you'll do a great job.
  • Feel free to ask me if you have other questions.

词和词组

介绍与回信

介绍活动、项目、计划的题越来越多,英语一 2024–2026 年连续三年都是“读 Paul 的来信,写回信”。回信有一条铁律:来信问了几个问题,就按顺序答几个,一个都不能漏。

考过 13 次,看题目
  • 2014 英语二出国和当地学生 John 合租,写邮件介绍自己的生活习惯并请教当地生活
  • 2016 英语二翻译比赛获奖,回复朋友 Jack 的祝贺邮件:致谢并给出翻译建议
  • 2017 英语二回复 Williams 教授:接受给留学生做中国文化讲座的邀请,并介绍讲座要点
  • 2019 英语一回复留学生志愿者的询问,说明“支援乡村小学”项目的细节
  • 2019 英语二为 Smith 教授策划城市交通主题的辩论:建议辩题并说明安排
  • 2020 英语二带留学生参观历史古迹,写邮件介绍古迹并给出参观提示
  • 2021 英语二组织线上会议,写邮件邀请留学生 Jack 参加并说明细节
  • 2022 英语二筹办校园美食节,写邮件向留学生介绍并邀请参加
  • 2024 英语一回复留学生 Paul:他要做关于一位中国古代科学家的口头报告,给他准备建议
  • 2024 英语二和 Jack 要调查古镇老房子保护,写邮件提出计划并征求意见
  • 2025 英语一回复同学 Paul:介绍请年轻手艺人来校展示创新手工艺的活动,并告诉他可以帮什么忙
  • 2025 英语二筹备根据中国古典名著改编的短剧,写邮件向朋友 John 介绍并邀请他参演
  • 2026 英语一回复朋友 Paul:介绍你发布的中国家庭手写家书,并告诉他哪里可以看到展出

思路

  1. 第一段:回应来信(很高兴你喜欢 / 谢谢你感兴趣),一句话说明下面要介绍什么。
  2. 第二段:按对方问的顺序回答。介绍活动就是“是什么、有什么特别、什么时间地点、对方能做什么”。
  3. 第三段:欢迎对方参加或继续提问。

句型

开头:接住来信

  • I'm so glad you liked the letters I posted. Let me tell you a bit more about them.
  • Thanks for your interest in the craft show. Here is what you'd like to know.
  • It's great to hear from you, and I'm happy to answer your questions.

介绍:是什么,特别在哪

  • The project aims to help children in rural schools read more.
  • What makes these letters special is that they were written by three generations of one family.
  • The play is based on Journey to the West, but we have set it on a modern campus.

时间、地点、安排

  • The show will take place in the Student Center from 2 to 5 p.m. on Sunday, May 12.
  • As for where to see them, they are now on display at the city museum until the end of June.
  • Here is the plan: first, ...; then, ...; finally, ....

对方能做什么

  • As for your offer to help, you could take care of the guests' registration on the day.
  • If you'd like to join us, all you need to do is send me your name by Friday.

结尾

  • If you have any other questions, just let me know.
  • I'm sure you'll find it worthwhile. See you there!

词和词组

邀请

邀请信的区分度在“为什么请你”。人人都会写 I'm writing to invite you,能说出对方的专长、对方来了有什么意义的,读起来就是一封真正的信。

考过 7 次,看题目
  • 2013 英语一邀请外教担任英语演讲比赛评委
  • 2013 英语二班级为贫困儿童举办义卖,写邮件告知同学细节并鼓励参加
  • 2018 英语一邀请校内外国专家参加毕业典礼,写明时间地点等信息
  • 2021 英语二组织线上会议,写邮件邀请留学生 Jack 参加并说明细节
  • 2022 英语一邀请英国大学的一位教授组队参加在本校举办的国际创新大赛
  • 2022 英语二筹办校园美食节,写邮件向留学生介绍并邀请参加
  • 2025 英语二筹备根据中国古典名著改编的短剧,写邮件向朋友 John 介绍并邀请他参演

思路

  1. 第一段:我是谁、代表谁,邀请对方做什么。
  2. 第二段:为什么请对方(专长、经历),活动的时间、地点、内容,对方需要做什么。
  3. 第三段:请对方在某个时间前回复,表示期待。

句型

开头:发出邀请

  • On behalf of the Students' Union, I am writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest.
  • We would be honored if you could attend our graduation ceremony on June 28.
  • I'm organizing an online meeting about campus life, and I'd love you to join us.

为什么请你

  • Given your years of experience in teaching public speaking, your comments would mean a great deal to the contestants.
  • Your presence would make the day even more meaningful for the graduates.
  • Your team's work on renewable energy is exactly what the contest hopes to bring together.

细节和对方要做的事

  • The contest will be held in Room 301 of the Library at 7 p.m. on Friday, December 6.
  • You'll be expected to give each speaker a score and a short comment.

结尾:请对方确认

  • Could you let us know by next Monday whether you are available?
  • We look forward to your reply / seeing you there.

词和词组

通知

通知的格式和书信不同:顶上居中写 NOTICE(或 Notice),不写 Dear …,落款是发通知的单位,不是个人。内容就是信息,按“谁、什么事、什么时候、在哪、对谁、怎么报名”交代清楚。

考过 5 次,看题目
  • 2013 英语二班级为贫困儿童举办义卖,写邮件告知同学细节并鼓励参加
  • 2015 英语二学校为高中生办夏令营,写通知介绍活动并招募志愿者
  • 2016 英语一以图书管理员身份写通知,向新来的留学生介绍图书馆
  • 2020 英语一代表学生会写通知,告知留学生即将举办的歌唱比赛
  • 2023 英语一为 Smith 教授的校园体育活动研究项目写招聘通知,写明职责和要求

思路

  1. 标题 NOTICE;第一段一句话:谁要办什么事,或者为什么发这个通知。
  2. 第二段:时间、地点、对象、内容、要求、报名方式。招聘通知写清“职责”和“要求”两块。
  3. 第三段:欢迎参加,留联系方式。落款写单位名称(招聘通知等题目要求写 Li Ming 时,照题目要求)。

句型

开头:谁要办什么

  • The Students' Union is going to hold a singing contest for international students on May 20.
  • To help newly arrived international students make full use of the library, we'd like to provide the following information.
  • Professor Smith's research team is looking for a student assistant for its project on campus sports activities.

信息和要求

  • The library is open from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day, and students need their ID cards to borrow books.
  • The assistant will be responsible for handing out questionnaires and entering data.
  • Applicants are expected to be good at data analysis and able to work 10 hours a week.
  • Those interested may sign up by emailing Li Ming at ... before May 10.

结尾

  • Everyone is welcome! Don't miss this chance to show your talent.
  • For more information, please contact Li Ming at 1234-5678.

词和词组

感谢、道歉、祝贺、欢迎

这类信一句话就能说完事由,难在第二段:感谢要说出对方的帮助具体带来了什么,道歉要给出原因和补救办法,祝贺之后往往还要接着给建议。

考过 5 次,看题目
  • 2011 英语二表弟/表妹考上大学,写信祝贺并建议如何准备大学生活
  • 2012 英语一以学生会名义给即将到来的留学生写邮件,表示欢迎并对校园生活提建议
  • 2016 英语二翻译比赛获奖,回复朋友 Jack 的祝贺邮件:致谢并给出翻译建议
  • 2018 英语二取消行程无法拜访 Smith 教授,写邮件道歉、解释并另约时间
  • 2026 英语二朋友 Jack 分享了全家在中国旅行的视频,写邮件谈感受并表达想了解更多

思路

  1. 第一段:直接说出事由:谢什么、为什么道歉、祝贺什么。
  2. 第二段:感谢就说对方的帮助带来了什么改变;道歉就说原因、表示遗憾,再提出补救(另约时间、换个方式);祝贺、欢迎之后是题目要的建议或信息。
  3. 第三段:再次致谢或致歉,表示期待。

句型

感谢

  • I can't thank you enough for your kind words about my translation.
  • Without your help, I could never have finished the project on time.
  • Watching your family's travel video made me feel as if I were walking along the Great Wall with you.

道歉:说原因,给补救

  • I'm afraid I have to cancel my visit next week, and I'm truly sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.
  • Something urgent has come up: my mother has to have an operation, and I need to stay with her.
  • Would it be possible for us to meet in early July instead? I'd be happy to fit in with your schedule.

祝贺、欢迎

  • Congratulations on being admitted to Peking University! All your hard work has paid off.
  • On behalf of the Students' Union, I'd like to extend a warm welcome to all of you.

词和词组

投诉:三明治写法

投诉只在 2012 年英语二考过一次,但它最能说明一件事:第 4 章讲的三明治不只是读文章用的,写信也这么写。英文里抱怨、拒绝、提意见,都是先给一片面包,再说真正的意见,最后再给一片面包。语气客气,要求明确,比满篇 angry、terrible 有效得多。

考过 1 次,看题目
  • 2012 英语二网上买的电子词典有问题,给客服写邮件投诉并要求尽快解决

思路

  1. 面包(第一段):先说一句好话:我是老顾客 / 一直信任你们,再用 however 引出问题。
  2. 馅(第二段):问题要具体:什么时候买的、出了什么故障、给你造成了什么影响。然后提出明确的要求:退货、换货还是维修,在什么期限内。
  3. 面包(第三段):相信对方会妥善处理,期待尽快答复。

句型

面包:先肯定

  • I have bought several products from your store and have always been satisfied with your service.
  • Your store has a good reputation for quality, which is why I chose this electronic dictionary.

馅:问题要具体

  • However, the dictionary I bought on March 3 stopped working only a week later: the screen goes blank whenever I look up a word.
  • What disappointed me most is that my two emails to your service center have gone unanswered.
  • This has caused me considerable inconvenience, as I need it in class every day.

馅:要求要明确

  • I would therefore like you to replace it with a new one or give me a full refund within a week.
  • I would appreciate it if you could look into the matter as soon as possible.

面包:收尾

  • I'm sure you will handle this matter properly, and I look forward to your prompt reply.
  • I have always trusted your store, and I hope this can be put right soon.

词和词组

  • deal with sth.处理,应对;涉及,论述(主题)
  • in advance预先,事先
  • a full refund全额退款
  • look into the matter调查此事
范文:2012 英语二小作文:电子词典有问题,写信投诉

Dear Sir or Madam,

I have bought books and stationery from your online store for two years and have always been pleased with your service. However, the electronic dictionary I ordered on March 3 has caused me a lot of trouble.

Only a week after it arrived, the screen started going blank whenever I looked up a word, and the battery now lasts less than an hour. As I use the dictionary in every English class, this has been a real inconvenience. I would therefore like you to replace it with a new one, or give me a full refund, within a week.

I'm sure you will deal with the matter properly, and I look forward to your prompt reply.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

  • 第一段的两句话就是一个小三明治:先肯定两年的购物体验,however 之后才是问题。
  • 第二段把“有问题”写成了两个具体故障和一个具体影响(每节课都要用),要求给了两个选项和一个期限。
  • 全文没有一个 angry、terrible。语气越平静,要求越明确,越像一个讲道理的顾客。

请教与征求意见

请教信的通病是只写一句 Could you give me some advice?。对方没法回答一个空泛的问题。把自己的情况或计划先摆出来,再问一两个具体的问题。

考过 3 次,看题目
  • 2014 英语二出国和当地学生 John 合租,写邮件介绍自己的生活习惯并请教当地生活
  • 2024 英语二和 Jack 要调查古镇老房子保护,写邮件提出计划并征求意见
  • 2026 英语二朋友 Jack 分享了全家在中国旅行的视频,写邮件谈感受并表达想了解更多

思路

  1. 第一段:交代背景:我要做什么(出国合租、做调查、想多了解)。
  2. 第二段:先说自己的情况或计划,再提出一两个具体问题。
  3. 第三段:感谢,期待回复。

句型

摆出自己的情况或计划

  • Before I move in, I'd like to tell you a little about my living habits: I usually go to bed early and I don't smoke.
  • Here is my plan: first, we visit the old houses and take photos; then, we interview the people who live there.

问具体的问题

  • Would you mind telling me whether it's common for students to cook at home there?
  • I wonder if you could give me some advice on how to get along with local students.
  • What do you think of this plan? Is there anything we should add?
  • I'd love to hear more about the places you visited and the people you met.

结尾

  • Thank you in advance for your advice. I look forward to hearing from you.

词和词组

03

大作文

三段,每段一个任务:描述、解释、评论。下面按段落整理,第一段图画和图表分开。

第一段:描述图画

英语一 2011–2023 年都是图画。描述只要三四句,但它是阅卷老师读到的第一段:写清楚画了谁、在干什么、说了什么,比一句空洞的 As is vividly depicted 有用得多。

思路

  1. 谁、在哪、在干什么,一句。
  2. 人物说的话(气泡)要写出来,可以直接引用,也可以转述。
  3. 有标题的,用标题收住;两幅图的,用对比句一句写完两边。

句型

一句写清人物和动作

  • In the picture, a little girl dressed as the Monkey King tells her father that many of her classmates think learning Peking Opera is no fun.
  • Two elderly villagers stand by the river, watching two dragon boats race under a crowded bridge.

两幅图:一句对比

  • The two drawings, thirty years apart, tell a simple story: the mother who once led her little daughter by the hand now leans on her.
  • One student says 'I'll only feel at ease when it's done', while the other won't start until the last minute.

用标题收住

  • As the caption 'Habits' suggests, the difference between them is not ability but routine.

词和词组

  • while the other ...而另一个…
  • be absorbed in专心于,沉浸在
  • lean on倚靠

第一段:描述图表

英语二每年都是图表,英语一从 2024 年起也开始考图表(2024 图画加柱状图,2025 表格,2026 两张统计图)。两门都要准备。描述图表最常见的错误是把数字从头念到尾,正确做法是只挑最大的变化或最大的差距。

思路

  1. 第一句:这张图是关于什么的(谁、什么方面、哪几年)。
  2. 第二句:最主要的趋势或排名第一的那一项,配一两个数字。
  3. 第三句:一个对比:最高和最低、增长最快和最慢、两年之间的差别。

句型

趋势(随时间变化)

  • The number of parks in the city rose from 406 in 2020 to 670 in 2022, an increase of more than 60 percent.
  • Health literacy among residents climbed steadily over the decade, nearly tripling from 8.8% to 25.4%.
  • Deliveries in rural areas grew even faster, more than doubling in two years.

构成(占比、饼图)

  • Learning knowledge accounts for 59.5% of the reasons students read on their phones, far ahead of killing time (21.3%).
  • Nearly six in ten students say they read on their phones to learn.
  • Enjoying the scenery and relieving stress together make up 70% of the answers.

对比(几组之间)

  • While 91.3% of students say they learned useful knowledge, only 32.6% feel their teamwork improved.
  • Watching TV is by far the most popular pastime among the elderly, at 90.8%, compared with 18.4% for playing chess.
  • Washing machines rose only slightly, whereas air conditioners nearly doubled.

词和词组

  • account for sth.(在数量、比例上)占;解释,说明;考虑到
  • by contrast相比之下,与此相反
  • rise / climb / grow上升
  • fall / drop / decline下降
  • remain stable / level off保持平稳
  • double / triple翻一番 / 增至三倍
  • by far the most ...遥遥领先的
  • respectively分别

第二段:含义与原因

第二段是拉开分数的地方。主题句点出道理或原因,后面不是再换个说法重复一遍,而是给一个具体的例子或两条具体的理由。例子越具体越不容易和别人撞:你自己的、你见过的,都比“爱迪生失败了一千次”强。

思路

  1. 主题句:图画想说明什么道理,或者图表背后的主要原因是什么。
  2. 展开:两条理由,或者一个具体的例子(谁、做了什么、结果怎样)。
  3. 可以加一句让步,显得考虑周全(见下面的“让步”)。

句型

点出含义

  • The message is clear: what parents do matters more than what they demand.
  • What the drawing really shows is not a choice of courses but a choice of attitudes.
  • Behind the growing crowds lies a renewed pride in local traditions.

分析原因

  • Several factors account for this rise. The most obvious one is that incomes have grown. Equally important is the spread of online shopping to the countryside.
  • This change is largely due to the government's investment in public health.
  • The reason is not hard to find: ....

举例

  • Take my cousin for example. He chose a hard course on data science and complained all term, but it got him his first internship.
  • A case in point is our neighborhood: since the small park opened, the elderly have had a place to meet every evening.

让步:先承认,再转回来

  • It is true that easy courses bring higher grades, but they also bring less growth.
  • While some see Peking Opera as old-fashioned, that is exactly what makes it worth passing down.
  • A lecture outside one's major may seem a waste of time, but it is often where new ideas come from.

词和词组

第三段:评论与建议

最后一段最容易写成口号:we should …, we should …, let's …。好的结尾只做一件事:给出你的态度和一两条具体的做法,最后一句回扣图画或图表。

思路

  1. 表态:一句话说出你的看法。
  2. 建议:一两条具体的做法,说清楚谁来做。
  3. 收尾:一句回扣主题,可以用一个有力的句型(比如 the more … the more …)。

句型

表态

  • In my view, interest, not popularity is the best reason to learn anything.
  • I believe the trend is a welcome one, as long as safety comes first.

具体建议

  • It is time for parents to set an example rather than simply give orders.
  • Schools could count lecture attendance outside one's major as credits.
  • Schools, families and communities all have a part to play: ....

收尾

  • Only when we stop putting things off can we make the most of our time.
  • The more we know about our traditions, the more confident we will be about the future.
  • After all, a park is only as good as the life it brings to a neighborhood.

词和词组

04

真题句型

下面每个句型都来自真题阅读的原文,点出处可以看上下文;后面是把它用到作文题上的句子。词组附在小作文、大作文和话题素材的每一节里。

A is not X but Y

纠正一个常见看法,亮出你的立场。第二段的主题句最好用。

This is not a free market but a biased one.2016 英语一 Text 2
  • Choosing a course is not a matter of grades but a matter of what kind of person you want to become.
  • The real gap is not a lack of parks but a lack of time to enjoy them.

A is less a matter of X than (of) Y

与其说是 X,不如说是 Y。比 not A but B 委婉:不全盘否定 X,只说 Y 更要紧。纠正一个常见看法时用。

Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.2014 英语二 完形
  • Choosing a course is less a matter of grades than of what kind of person you want to become.
  • Reading on phones is less a matter of time spent than of what we read.

What matters (most) is (that) …

把重点放到句末,读起来像在下结论。

What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.2018 英语一 Text 3
  • What matters is not how many books we own but how many we actually read.
  • What matters most to older consumers is that a robot is safe, not that it is clever.

The more/better …, the more …

说明两件事同步变化,很适合放在结尾。

The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.2016 英语一 新题型
  • The longer we put off a task, the heavier it feels.
  • The more children play outdoors, the more curious they become about the world around them.

While A, B.

一句话里放两边:前面让步或对照,后面是你真正的意思。

While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility.2017 英语二 新题型
  • While one student sees the lecture as a waste of time, the other sees it as a chance to look beyond her major.
  • While nearly 40% of consumers fully accept elderly-care robots, more than a quarter refuse them outright.

A may seem/sound …, but …

先替反对意见说一句,再转回来。比 Some people think … 自然。

This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control.2021 英语二 新题型
  • Taking a rest halfway up the mountain may seem like giving up, but it is often what lets us reach the top.
  • A dragon boat race may sound like a small village event, but it holds a whole community together.

To be sure, A, but B.

诚然 A,但是 B。先认下对方说得对的地方,再亮出你的观点,显得考虑周全。

To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.2011 英语一 Text 1
  • To be sure, easy courses bring higher grades, but they also bring less growth.
  • To be sure, robots cannot replace a daughter's visit, but they can make the hours between visits safer.

It is … that …(强调句)

把你最想强调的那个成分提到前面。

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state.2015 英语一 Text 1
  • It is small daily habits, not occasional bursts of effort, that decide how far we go.
  • It is the example parents set, rather than the rules they make, that children follow.

Not only does/can A …, but it also …

递进,倒装让句子有分量。一篇作文用一次就够。

Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.2023 英语一 翻译
  • Not only does labor education teach practical skills, but it also helps students respect the people who work with their hands.
  • Not only can a park nearby make exercise easier, but it can also turn strangers into neighbors.

Only then/when … will/can …

强调条件,适合结尾的建议。

Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.2019 英语一 Text 3
  • Only when we start early can we finish calmly.
  • Only when traditions are enjoyed by the young will they stay alive.

Were it not for A, B would …

虚拟倒装:要不是有 A,就会怎样。从反面证明 A 有多重要,比 A is very important 有说服力。

Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down.2022 英语一 新题型
  • Were it not for the small park nearby, many elderly residents would have nowhere to go in the evening.
  • Were it not for express delivery, online shopping would never have reached so many villages.

Just as important as A is B.

倒装的递进,在第二段加第二条理由时用。

Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.2020 英语二 新题型
  • Just as important as building new parks is keeping them clean and open to everyone.
  • Just as important as buying books is finding time to read them.

so + 形容词/副词 + that …

程度和结果一起说,描述图画和数据都能用。

The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.2024 英语一 Text 1
  • Some students are so focused on grades that they choose courses for the wrong reasons.
  • The family members are so absorbed in their phones that the dishes on the table go cold.

…, which means …

描述完数据,紧接着说它意味着什么,一句话完成“描述 + 解读”。

These take-off shots are even more challenging because they require a wide-angle lens, which means he must be less than 2cm from the butterfly.2025 英语一 新题型
  • More than half of those surveyed see outdoor play as a way to satisfy curiosity, which means it is no longer just about exercise.
  • Rural deliveries more than doubled in two years, which means online shopping has truly reached the countryside.

主句, doing …(分词表结果)

把“结果”挂在句尾,省掉一个 and 或 so。

This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.2021 英语二 新题型
  • The city built 264 new parks in two years, giving most residents a green space within walking distance.
  • Air conditioners spread quickly, making hot summers far easier to bear for millions of families.

A is no longer …

今昔对比,一句话说出变化。

Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility.2022 英语一 Text 2
  • A dragon boat race is no longer just a village custom; it has become a festival for the whole region.
  • A phone is no longer only a tool for chatting; for many students it has become a portable library.

The real problem is that …

指出问题的根子,在分析原因时显得一针见血。

The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.2023 英语二 Text 2
  • The real problem is that many parents ask their children to read while they themselves never pick up a book.
  • The real problem is not that robots are expensive but that many older people do not trust them yet.

The answer/solution lies in …

引出建议,比 We should … 正式。

Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.2024 英语二 Text 1
  • Part of the solution lies in letting children choose what they truly love.
  • The key to beating procrastination lies in breaking a big task into small steps.

Part of the reason/issue is that …

不把话说满:这只是原因之一。比 The reason is … 更稳妥。

Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.2017 英语一 Text 1
  • Part of the reason is that older people have few places to go besides home.
  • Part of the issue is that a book on the shelf feels like knowledge already gained.

A, rather than B

在建议里同时说出“该做什么”和“不该做什么”。

We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it.2025 英语二 Text 2
  • Parents need to read with their children, rather than simply telling them to read.
  • Communities should give the elderly more ways to stay active, rather than leaving them alone with the TV.

There is no reason why … cannot …

反驳一种担心,语气坚定。

There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.2017 英语一 Text 2
  • There is no reason why a traditional art cannot be fun for children.
  • There is no reason why students of literature cannot enjoy a lecture on physics.

…, as long as …

有条件地赞成,适合科技、消费类话题的表态。

There’s no need to back away from progress, as long as we’re equipped with the knowledge and tools to make sure AI remains a friend.2026 英语二 Text 2
  • Elderly-care robots can be a real help, as long as safety and price are taken care of.
  • Reading on phones is no bad thing, as long as we read to learn rather than to kill time.

Whether A or B, …

不管哪种情况结论都成立,适合收尾。

Whether we opt for bold, colorful outfits or prefer more understated styles, our dress choices convey messages about who we are and how we want to be perceived.2026 英语二 翻译
  • Whether we choose to work, study further or start a business, the choice should be our own.
  • Whether a course is easy or hard, what we take away from it depends on how much we put in.

When it comes to …, …

引出话题,开头或换话题时用。

When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one.2025 英语一 Text 4
  • When it comes to choosing a restaurant, more people now care about its character than its price.
  • When it comes to learning, interest is the best teacher.

05

话题素材

大作文的话题集中在五类。每类列了考过的题、常见的立意角度,以及真题阅读里出现过的相关词和词组(点开能看到原句)。 立意角度只是起点,例子要用你自己的。

教育与成长

考过 12 次,看题目
  • 2013 英语一一群毕业生面前分出几条路:求职、考研、出国、创业
  • 2016 英语一与其只提要求,不如做个榜样:父母要孩子读书,自己却在玩手机
  • 2017 英语一“有书”与“读书”:书买了很多,读的很少
  • 2018 英语一选课进行时:“知识新、重创新、有难度”与“给分高、易通过、作业少”
  • 2019 英语一途中:爬山时一人说“累了,我不爬了”,另一人说“别急!休息一下再接着爬”
  • 2020 英语一习惯:一人“尽早完成才放心”,一人“不到最后不动手”
  • 2022 英语一校园讲座海报前,一人说“不是我们专业的,听了也没有多大用”,另一人说“去听一下,肯定有好处”
  • 2013 英语二某高校大一到大四学生做兼职的比例
  • 2016 英语二某高校学生旅游的目的:欣赏风景、缓解压力、广交朋友等
  • 2019 英语二某高校 2013 和 2018 年本科毕业生去向:就业、升学、创业
  • 2024 英语二某高校劳动实践课学生的主要收获
  • 2026 英语二人们对儿童户外活动作用的看法:满足好奇心、促进观察力、强身健体、增强亲子互动

常见角度

  • 兴趣与功利:选课、选专业、学一门手艺,是为了分数还是为了成长(2018 选课、2021 唱戏)
  • 习惯与坚持:拖延、半途而废、休息和放弃的区别(2019 途中、2020 习惯)
  • 榜样与言传身教:父母、老师自己做到了没有(2016 榜样、2017 有书与读书)
  • 走出舒适区:跨专业学习、兼职、劳动实践、户外活动(2022 讲座、2024 劳动课、2026 户外活动)

词和词组

文化与传统

考过 3 次,看题目
  • 2021 英语一孩子说同学觉得学唱戏不好玩,父亲说“你自己不是喜欢吗?那就足够了”
  • 2023 英语一老两口看龙舟赛:“真好啊,咱们村的龙舟赛越来越热闹了”
  • 2017 英语二2013–2015 年博物馆数量和参观人数

常见角度

  • 传统怎样传下去:年轻人喜欢才能活下去(2021 唱戏)
  • 传统的复兴:龙舟赛越来越热闹、博物馆越来越多(2023 龙舟、2017 博物馆)
  • 向外国朋友介绍中国文化(小作文常考:古迹、名著、家书、手工艺)

词和词组

健康与生活

考过 5 次,看题目
  • 2015 英语一手机时代的聚会:一桌人围着饭菜,各自低头看手机
  • 2024 英语一“家门口新建的小公园真不错”,配某市公园数量 2020–2022 年从 406 座增至 670 座
  • 2020 英语二某高校学生用手机阅读的目的:学习知识、消磨时间、获取信息
  • 2021 英语二某市居民体育锻炼的方式:独自、和朋友、和家人、团体活动
  • 2023 英语二2012–2021 年我国居民健康素养水平

常见角度

  • 运动和健康意识:怎么锻炼、和谁一起(2021 锻炼方式、2023 健康素养)
  • 城市公共空间:家门口的公园改变了什么(2024 公园)
  • 手机与生活:聚会低头看手机、用手机学习还是消磨时间(2015 聚会、2020 手机阅读)

词和词组

  • physicala. 物质的;肉体的,身体的;自然科学的,物理的
  • mentala. 精神的,思想的,心理的,智力的,脑力的
  • awarea. 知道的,意识到的;
  • facilityn. 灵巧,熟练;[pl.]设备,设施,便利条件
  • accessn. 进入;接入;到达;享用权;入口;vi. 存取
  • communityn. 同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体
  • stressn. 压力;重要性;应力;重音;vt. 强调,重读
  • cut down on sth.减少,削减(…的量)
  • strike a balance (between A and B)(在…之间)取得平衡,找到折中
  • make a difference (to sth.)(对…)有影响,起作用
  • pay attention to sth.注意,重视
  • within walking distance步行可达
  • quality time相处的美好时光

家庭与社会

考过 4 次,看题目
  • 2011 英语一旅程之“余”:游船驶过,湖面上漂满游客丢下的垃圾
  • 2012 英语一瓶子打翻了,一人说“全完了”,另一人说“幸好还剩点儿”
  • 2014 英语一相携:三十年前母亲牵着女儿,现在女儿搀着年老的母亲
  • 2025 英语二某社区老年人的主要日常休闲活动:看电视、散步、养花、阅读、下棋

常见角度

  • 代际与赡养:相携、老人的晚年生活、养老机器人(2014 相携、2025 老人休闲、2026 养老机器人)
  • 心态:同一件事,悲观和乐观两种看法(2012 打翻的瓶子)
  • 公德:旅游垃圾、公共空间的规矩(2011 旅程之余)

词和词组

消费与发展

考过 8 次,看题目
  • 2025 英语一2014–2023 年全国居民每百户空调、洗衣机、电冰箱拥有量
  • 2026 英语一消费者对养老机器人的接受度,以及最关注的安全、价格、便利
  • 2011 英语二2008、2009 年国产、日系、美系轿车的市场份额
  • 2012 英语二某公司不同年龄段员工的工作满意度
  • 2014 英语二1990–2010 年城镇人口与乡村人口的变化
  • 2015 英语二某市居民春节假期的花销比例:新年礼物、聚会吃饭、交通等
  • 2018 英语二消费者选择餐厅时关注的因素:特色、服务、环境、价格
  • 2022 英语二2018–2020 年全国和农村快递业务量

常见角度

  • 生活水平的提高:家电拥有量、春节花销、餐厅选择(2025 耐用品、2015 春节、2018 餐厅)
  • 城乡变化:城镇化、快递进村(2014 城乡人口、2022 快递)
  • 国货与品牌、员工满意度、毕业去向(2011 轿车、2012 满意度、2019 毕业去向)

词和词组

06

怎么用

  1. 每种信、每一段,从几种说法里挑一种,把标红的部分换成你自己的内容,抄进自己的本子。不要整页背。
  2. 每个真题句型,照着作文题各造两三个句子,用你自己的经历和例子。造出来的句子就是你的素材,别人没有。
  3. 每周用一道真题限时写一篇,写完让 AI 只找错、只标出“像模板”的句子,自己改。提示词见作文那一章。
  4. 考前一个月,把自己写过的作文里最顺手的开头、过渡和结尾整理成一页。这一页才是你的“模板”。