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For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward.
数千年来，驴对推动人类文明向前发展一直至关重要。
Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.
如今，研究人员利用200多头驴的基因组，将驴的驯化追溯到大约7000年前发生在东非的一次单一事件——比人类驯服马早了约3000年。
Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.
如今，研究人员利用200多头驴的基因组，将驴的驯化追溯到大约7000年前发生在东非的一次单一事件——比人类驯服马早了约3000年。
They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago.
他们还研究了15种野生马科动物以及31头生活在约4000年前到100年前之间的早期驴的基因组。
They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.
随后他们追踪了这些动物如何扩散到非洲大陆的其他地区，并在大约2500年后进入欧洲和亚洲。
Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year.
尽管加州有大量制作项目流失到了其他地方，但在今年之前，洛杉矶仍有许多影视制作在进行。