paper简单

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University, in California, that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to [recall] times they’d sought help in the past.

也许最令人鼓舞的是加州斯坦福大学研究人员2022年发表的一篇论文，该研究既设计了求助互动情境，又让人们{{16}}自己过去求助的经历。

The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.

正如经济学家丹尼尔·西切尔在一篇研究论文中指出的，从18世纪末到20世纪中叶，钉子的价格下降了90%。

In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.

在发表于《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》的一篇论文中，研究人员称，西方的核心家庭是近代才出现的，它与人类的进化历史背道而驰。

Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.

科学论文是研究进展的记录者。

Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals.

研究人员每年在3万多种期刊上发表数百万篇论文。

The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.

科学界通过多种方式衡量这些论文的质量，包括人们认为的期刊质量（以期刊的影响因子来体现）以及某篇论文累积的被引次数。

Established in an old paper mill, it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town of Kajaani.

它建在一座旧造纸厂里，由附近的一条河流供电，其余热输送到周边的卡亚尼镇，为当地居民供暖。

The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost — and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.

古腾堡印刷机改变文明，并非通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——而如果没有书写载体价格的同步暴跌，它也难有作为，这要归功于一项常被忽视的技术：纸。

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.

撇开对纸上油墨和翻页沙沙声的怀旧之情不谈，放弃印刷版的理由有很多。

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work [against] the disappearance of the paper system.

尽管电子支付手段可能比基于纸质的支付系统更高效，但有几个因素阻碍着纸质系统的消失。

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work [against] the disappearance of the paper system.

尽管电子支付手段可能比基于纸质的支付系统更高效，但有几个因素阻碍着纸质系统的消失。

Second, paper checks have the advantage that they [provide] receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to [give up].

其次，纸质支票的优点在于能提供收据，而许多消费者不愿放弃这一点。

“Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

早在2010年，该报的发行人就说过：“在未来的某个时候。”

expands the popularity of the paper.

扩大报纸的受欢迎程度。

German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.

德国和巴西的报纸已经摆脱了经济衰退的影响。

Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.

许多报纸靠裁减记者才勉强维持下来。

Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.

有些报纸甚至敢于拒绝向偏远郊区投递。

American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.

长期以来，美国报纸对广告的依赖程度极不寻常。

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula.

在伦敦公共档案馆研究斯科维尔的文件时，我发现他留下了大量日记和丰富的笔记，记录了他在半岛的工作。

The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame.

《匹克威克外传》（今天人们通常这样称呼它）的巨大成功奠定了狄更斯的名声。

Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

《博兹随笔》问世后不久，一家出版公司找到狄更斯，请他按月分期创作一个故事，作为当时著名画家罗伯特·西摩一系列木刻画的背景故事，而这个故事的构想最初正是出自西摩。狄更斯以他特有的自信，成功地坚持让西摩的画反过来为他自己的故事配图。第一期刊出后，狄更斯写信给这位画家，要求他修改一幅狄更斯认为不够忠实于其文字的插图。西摩改了画，走进自家后院，以自杀的方式表达了他的不满。狄更斯和他的出版商干脆换了一位新画家继续推进。这部喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》于1836年和1837年连载，并于1837年首次以书籍形式出版。

Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”

今年晚些时候，我们将发布一份白皮书，具体阐明我们将如何实现这一目标。”