academic简单

Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of age, nationality or academic experience.

任何人都可以成为公民科学家，无论年龄、国籍或学术经历如何。

requires further academic research.

需要进一步的学术研究。

promoted academic publishing.

促进了学术出版

When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years, (49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.

当一个学院或系在三四年内从比如说5名成员增加到20名，(49) 并且新进员工主要是刚完成研究生学业的年轻男女时，他们在很大程度上决定了该学院学术生活的规范。

And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution — this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.

而如果研究生人数也迅速增长，教师和学生之间失去了紧密的师徒关系，学生文化就会成为新研究生社会化的主要力量，并对院校的智识和学术生活产生影响——这种情况在美国以及法国、意大利、西德和日本都出现过。

(50) High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.

(50) 高增长率增加了学术创新的机会；但也削弱了在稳定或缓慢增长时期教师和学生得以进入学者共同体的形式和过程。

But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits — in fact, it probably enhances it.

但与普遍的误解相反，间隔年并不会妨碍学业上的成功——事实上，它很可能会促进这种成功。

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.

如果你还不相信花一年时间探索兴趣有其内在价值，那么请考虑一下它对未来学业选择的经济影响。

This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.

这并不奇怪，因为高中基础必修课程让学生对大学里等待着他们的广阔学术可能性知之甚少。

avoid academic failures.

避免学业失败。

academic backgrounds.

学业背景。

Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again [warning] that technology is replacing human workers.

今天也不例外，学者、作家和社会活动人士再次{{1}}，技术正在取代人类劳动者。

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.

这两位学者借助一系列行为研究表明，最能带来回报的花钱方式可能与直觉相悖。

The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.

梅南先生总结道，改革高等教育的关键在于改变“知识生产者被培养出来”的方式。否则，学者们的思维将继续危险地趋同，与他们所研究、调查和批评的社会日益脱节。“至少在某些领域，学术探究可能需要减少排他性，变得更加全面。”然而，究竟如何做到这一点，梅南先生并没有说。

Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

在适应大学生活、被投入一个全新环境时，间隔年的经历可以减轻冲击，让学生更容易专注于学业和活动，而不是适应过程中的失误。